A comprehensive tracker covering US states, decriminalized cities, international jurisdictions, and FDA breakthrough therapy status. Last updated April 2026.
Oregon Measure 109, passed in November 2020, created a regulated framework for psilocybin-assisted therapy administered at licensed service centers. The Oregon Psilocybin Services program began accepting applications in early 2023 and the first licensed service centers opened later that year. Clients must complete a preparation session with a licensed facilitator before a supervised psilocybin session.
Colorado's Natural Medicine Health Act (Proposition 122), passed in November 2022, decriminalized personal use of psilocybin, DMT, ibogaine, mescaline (excluding peyote), and psilocyn for adults 21 and older. The law also directed the creation of a regulated access program through licensed healing centers, with the first facilities expected to open in phases starting in 2024. A state advisory board oversees implementation of the program's therapeutic framework.
The FDA has granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation to psilocybin therapy for treatment-resistant depression (COMPASS Pathways, 2018) and major depressive disorder (Usona Institute, 2019). This designation is intended to expedite the development and review of drugs that show substantial improvement over existing treatments. While not an approval, it signals the FDA's recognition of psilocybin's therapeutic potential and provides a pathway toward possible federal rescheduling pending Phase III trial results.
Denver became the first U.S. city to decriminalize psilocybin mushrooms via Initiative 301 in May 2019. The measure makes the personal use and possession of psilocybin mushrooms by adults 21 and older the lowest law enforcement priority. It does not legalize sales or commercial distribution.
Oakland decriminalized all entheogenic plants and fungi, including psilocybin mushrooms, ayahuasca, and mescaline-containing cacti, via a city council resolution in June 2019. The resolution makes investigation and arrest of adults for use, possession, and cultivation of entheogens among the lowest law enforcement priorities. Oakland was the second U.S. city to take this step.
Santa Cruz decriminalized the use and possession of entheogenic plants and fungi via a city council resolution in January 2020. The measure applies to all natural psychedelics, including psilocybin mushrooms and ayahuasca, making their investigation the lowest priority for law enforcement. The resolution followed a community-driven advocacy effort inspired by Oakland's earlier action.
Ann Arbor's city council unanimously passed a resolution in September 2020 declaring the investigation and arrest of individuals for planting, cultivating, purchasing, transporting, distributing, or possessing entheogenic plants and fungi to be among the lowest law enforcement priorities. The resolution covers psilocybin, ayahuasca, mescaline-containing cacti, and ibogaine.
Washington, DC voters passed Initiative 81 in November 2020 with over 76% support, making the cultivation, possession, and non-commercial distribution of entheogenic plants and fungi among the lowest law enforcement priorities. The measure covers psilocybin, ayahuasca, mescaline-containing cacti, and ibogaine. Federal law still applies on federal property within the District.
Somerville became the first city in Massachusetts and the first on the East Coast to decriminalize entheogenic plants via a city council resolution in January 2021. The measure makes the arrest and prosecution of individuals involved with entheogenic plants among the lowest priorities for the city. It covers psilocybin, ayahuasca, and other naturally occurring psychedelics.
Cambridge followed neighboring Somerville in February 2021, passing a city council order making the enforcement of laws against all entheogenic plants the lowest priority for city police. The resolution covers the same range of naturally occurring psychedelics and was part of a growing wave of decriminalization measures across Massachusetts municipalities.
Seattle's city council unanimously passed a resolution in October 2021 making the investigation and arrest of individuals for personal use of psilocybin, ayahuasca, ibogaine, and other entheogenic substances among the lowest law enforcement priorities. Seattle was the largest U.S. city to decriminalize entheogens at the time of passage.
Detroit voters approved Proposal E in November 2021 with over 61% support, making the personal therapeutic use of entheogenic plants the lowest law enforcement priority in the city. The measure covers psilocybin mushrooms, ayahuasca, mescaline-containing cacti, and ibogaine. Detroit was the second Michigan city to decriminalize entheogens after Ann Arbor.
Psilocybin mushrooms have never been criminalized in Jamaica. While Jamaica is a signatory to the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances, its domestic Dangerous Drugs Act does not list psilocybin or psilocin as controlled substances. This legal status has made Jamaica a destination for psychedelic retreats and research, with a growing number of licensed wellness centers offering guided psilocybin experiences.
Brazil permits the sacramental use of ayahuasca through legally recognized religious organizations such as the Santo Daime and União do Vegetal churches. A 2010 resolution by Brazil's National Drug Policy Council formally recognized ayahuasca as a legitimate religious sacrament, protecting its ceremonial use from prosecution. Psilocybin mushrooms also exist in a legal gray area, as they are not explicitly listed as controlled substances in Brazilian drug schedules.
While psilocybin mushrooms were banned in the Netherlands in 2008 following a series of incidents, psilocybin-containing truffles (sclerotia) remain legal and are sold openly in licensed smart shops. The legal distinction rests on the biological classification: truffles are technically a different growth stage of the same organism but were not included in the ban. The Netherlands is one of the only countries where psilocybin-containing products can be purchased over the counter.
Portugal decriminalized the personal use and possession of all drugs in 2001, including psilocybin, through Law 30/2000. Possession of small amounts for personal use is treated as an administrative offense rather than a criminal one, and individuals are referred to dissuasion commissions that may recommend treatment. The policy has been widely cited as a public health success, with decreases in drug-related deaths and HIV infections among people who use drugs.
Psilocybin remains a controlled substance in Canada under Schedule III of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. However, Health Canada has granted individual exemptions under Section 56 to patients with terminal illness, allowing them access to psilocybin-assisted therapy. The Special Access Programme has also been used by healthcare practitioners to request psilocybin for patients with serious or life-threatening conditions when other treatments have failed.
Australia became the first country to formally recognize psilocybin and MDMA as medicines when the Therapeutic Goods Administration rescheduled both substances in February 2023, effective July 1, 2023. Authorized psychiatrists can now prescribe psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression and MDMA for post-traumatic stress disorder under strict clinical conditions. The rescheduling applies only to therapeutic use by approved practitioners; personal possession remains illegal.
Legal Disclaimer: This tracker is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Laws change frequently. Always verify current regulations with official government sources before making decisions. Soul Syndicate does not promote illegal use of any substance.